Tattaunawar ilimin bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido

A cikin shekarun 30, an farabawul ɗin malam buɗe idoan ƙirƙiro shi a Amurka, an gabatar da shi ga Japan a shekarun 1950, kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a Japan a shekarun 1960, kuma an tallata shi a China bayan shekarun 1970. A halin yanzu, bawuloli na malam buɗe ido sama da DN300 mm a duniya sun maye gurbin bawuloli na ƙofa a hankali. Idan aka kwatanta dabawuloli na ƙofa, bawuloli na malam buɗe ido suna da ɗan gajeren lokacin buɗewa da rufewa, ƙaramin ƙarfin aiki, ƙaramin sarari na shigarwa da nauyi mai sauƙi. Idan aka ɗauki DN1000 a matsayin misali, bawuloli na malam buɗe ido yana da kusan 2T, kuma bawuloli na ƙofar yana da kusan 3.5T, kuma bawuloli na malam buɗe ido yana da sauƙin haɗawa da na'urori daban-daban na tuƙi, tare da kyakkyawan juriya da aminci.

Rashin kyawun hatimin robabawul ɗin malam buɗe idoshine idan aka yi amfani da shi don matsewa, cavitation zai faru saboda amfani mara kyau, wanda zai sa kujerar roba ta bare ta lalace. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, China ta kuma ƙirƙiro bawuloli na malam buɗe ido da aka rufe da ƙarfe, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Japan ta ƙirƙiro bawuloli masu siffar tsefe masu juriya ga cavitation, ƙarancin girgiza da ƙarancin hayaniya.

Rayuwar kujerar rufewa ta gabaɗaya shekaru 15-20 ne ga roba da kuma shekaru 80-90 ga ƙarfe a yanayin da ya dace. Duk da haka, yadda ake zaɓar daidai ya dogara da buƙatun yanayin aiki.

Alaƙa tsakanin buɗewar wanibawul ɗin malam buɗe idokuma yawan kwararar ta kasance a layi ɗaya kuma daidai gwargwado. Idan ana amfani da ita don sarrafa yawan kwararar, halayen kwararar ta kuma suna da alaƙa da juriyar kwararar bututun, kamar diamita da siffar bawuloli da aka sanya a cikin bututun guda biyu iri ɗaya ne, kuma ma'aunin asarar bututun ya bambanta, kuma yawan kwararar bawul ɗin zai bambanta sosai.

Idan bawul ɗin yana cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi, bayan farantin bawul ɗin yana da saurin cavitation, kuma akwai yuwuwar lalata bawul ɗin, don haka gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi a wajen digiri 15.

Lokacin da bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido yake a tsakiyar buɗewa, siffar buɗewa ta samo asali ne dagabawulJiki da ƙarshen gaba na farantin malam buɗe ido suna tsakiya a kan shaft ɗin bawul, kuma ɓangarorin biyu suna samar da yanayi daban-daban, ƙarshen gaba na farantin malam buɗe ido a gefe ɗaya yana tafiya tare da alkiblar ruwan da ke gudana, ɗayan gefen kuma yana motsawa akan alkiblar ruwan da ke gudana, saboda haka, jikin bawul a gefe ɗaya da farantin bawul suna samar da buɗewa mai siffar bututun ƙarfe, ɗayan gefen kuma yana kama da buɗewa mai siffar ramin ƙarfe, ɓangaren bututun ƙarfe ya fi sauri fiye da gefen maƙura, kuma matsin lamba mara kyau zai fito a ƙarƙashin bawul ɗin gefen maƙura, kuma hatimin roba sau da yawa yana faɗuwa.

Ƙarfin aiki na bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido, saboda bambancin hanyar buɗewa da buɗewa ta bawul, ƙimarsa ta bambanta, kuma bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido na kwance, musamman bawul ɗin mai girman diamita, saboda zurfin ruwa, ba za a iya yin watsi da ƙarfin juyi da bambancin da ke tsakanin saman da ƙasan shaft ɗin bawul ya haifar ba. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da aka sanya gwiwar hannu a gefen shiga na bawul ɗin, ana samun kwararar juyawa, kuma ƙarfin juyi yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da bawul ɗin yake a tsakiyar buɗewa, tsarin aiki yana buƙatar kulle kansa saboda aikin ƙarfin kwararar ruwa.