Ci gaba da haɓaka masana'antar bawul (1967-1978)
01 Ci gaban masana'antu ya shafi ci gaban masana'antu
Daga 1967 zuwa 1978, saboda manyan canje-canje a cikin yanayin zamantakewa, ci gaban masana'antar bawul kuma ya sami tasiri sosai. Babban bayyanar su ne:
1. Bawul fitarwa yana raguwa sosai, kuma ingancin yana raguwa sosai
2. Bawul tsarin binciken kimiyya wanda ya fara yin tasiri ya shafi
3. Medium matsa lamba bawul kayayyakin zama gajere sake
4. Samar da rashin shiri na manyan bawul da matsakaitan matsa lamba ya fara bayyana
02 Ɗauki matakai don tsawaita "layin gajeriyar bawul"
Ingancin samfuran a cikinbawulmasana'antu sun ragu sosai, kuma bayan samar da samfuran bawul mai tsayi da matsakaici na ɗan gajeren lokaci, jihar ta ba da mahimmanci ga wannan. Babban Ofishin Babban Ma'aikatar Ma'aikatar Injiniya ta Farko ya kafa ƙungiyar bawul don zama alhakin canjin fasaha na masana'antar bawul. Bayan zurfafa bincike da bincike, ƙungiyar bawul ta gabatar da "Rahoton Ra'ayoyin Ra'ayoyin Haɓaka Matakan Samar da Matsalolin Matsaloli da Matsakaici", wanda aka gabatar ga Hukumar Tsare-tsare ta Jiha. Bayan bincike, an yanke shawarar zuba jarin Yuan miliyan 52 a cikin masana'antar bawul don aiwatar da sauye-sauye na fasaha don warware matsalar matsananciyar karancin matsa lamba da matsakaici.bawuloli da raguwar ingancin da wuri-wuri.
1. Tarukan Kaifeng Biyu
A cikin Mayu 1972, Sashen Injin Farko ya gudanar da wani kasabawulTaron aikin masana'antu a birnin Kaifeng, lardin Henan. Jimillar raka'a 125 da wakilai 198 daga masana'antun bawul 88, cibiyoyin bincike na kimiyya da cibiyoyi 8 masu dacewa, ofisoshin lardi da na birni 13 da wasu masu amfani da su sun halarci taron. Taron ya yanke shawarar maido da ƙungiyoyi biyu na masana'antu da cibiyar sadarwar leƙen asiri, kuma an zaɓi Kamfanin Kaifeng High Pressure Valve Factory da Tieling Valve Factory a matsayin manyan shugabannin ƙungiyar masu matsa lamba da ƙarancin matsin lamba, da Hefei General Machinery Research Institute da Shenyang Valve Research. Cibiyar ce ke da alhakin aikin cibiyar sadarwar leken asiri. Taron ya kuma tattauna da kuma nazarin batutuwan da suka shafi "samanin zamani guda uku", inganta ingancin samfur, bincike na fasaha, rarraba kayayyaki, da bunkasa masana'antu da ayyukan basira. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ayyukan masana'antu da na leken asirin da suka katse tsawon shekaru shida sun sake komawa. Wadannan matakan sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta samar da bawul da kuma juyar da yanayin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
2. Ci gaba da ayyukan ƙungiyar masana'antu da musayar bayanai
Bayan taron Kaifeng a 1972, ƙungiyoyin masana'antu sun ci gaba da ayyukansu. A wannan lokacin, masana'antu 72 ne kawai suka shiga cikin ƙungiyar masana'antu, kuma yawancin masana'antar bawul ba su shiga cikin ƙungiyar masana'antar ba tukuna. Don tsara yawancin masana'antun bawul kamar yadda zai yiwu, kowane yanki yana tsara ayyukan masana'antu bi da bi. Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory, Beijing Valve Factory, Shanghai Valve Factory, Wuhan Valve Factory,Kamfanin Tianjin Valve, Kamfanin Gansu High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory, da Zigong High Pressure Valve Factory ne ke da alhakin yankunan Arewa maso Gabas, Arewacin Sin, Gabashin Sin, Tsakiyar Kudu, Arewa maso Yamma, da Kudu maso Yamma. A wannan lokacin, masana'antar bawul da ayyukan leƙen asiri sun bambanta kuma suna da amfani, kuma sun shahara sosai tare da masana'antu a cikin masana'antar. Saboda ci gaban ayyukan masana'antu, musayar gogewa akai-akai, taimakon juna da ilmantarwa, ba wai kawai inganta haɓakar ingancin samfuran ba, har ma yana haɓaka haɗin kai da abokantaka tsakanin masana'antu daban-daban, ta yadda masana'antar bawul ta samar da cikakkiyar haɗin gwiwa. , a tare, hannu da hannu Ci gaba, yana nuna fage mai fa'ida da girma.
3. Gudanar da "sabuntawa uku" na samfuran bawul
Dangane da ruhin tarurrukan Kaifeng guda biyu da kuma ra'ayoyin Babban Ofishin Babban Ofishin Ma'aikatar Ma'aikatar Na Farko, Cibiyar Nazarin Injin Injiniya ta sake shirya babban aikin bawul "na zamani uku" tare da tallafin aiki na daban-daban. masana'antu a cikin masana'antu. Ayyukan "sabuntawa uku" wani muhimmin aikin fasaha ne na asali, wanda shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci don haɓaka fasahar fasaha na kamfanoni da kuma inganta matakin samfurori na bawul. Ƙungiyar aiki na bawul "sabuntawa uku" yana aiki bisa ga "mai kyau hudu" (mai sauƙi don amfani, sauƙin ginawa, sauƙi don gyarawa da daidaitawa mai kyau) da "haɗin kai hudu" (samfurin, sigogi na aiki, haɗin kai da kuma girma gaba ɗaya, daidaitattun sassa). ) ka'idoji. Babban abun ciki na aiki yana da bangarori uku, ɗaya shine don sauƙaƙe nau'in da aka haɗa; ɗayan kuma shine don ƙirƙira da sake fasalin ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin fasaha; na uku shine don zaɓar da kuma kammala samfuran.
4. Binciken fasaha ya inganta ci gaban binciken kimiyya
(1) Haɓaka ƙungiyoyin bincike na kimiyya da gina sansanonin gwaji A ƙarshen shekara ta 1969, an ƙaura daga birnin Beijing zuwa birnin Hefei, kuma an rushe ainihin na'urar gwajin juriya, wanda ya shafi binciken kimiyya sosai. A cikin 1971, masu binciken kimiyya sun koma cikin tawagar daya bayan daya, kuma dakin bincike na bawul ya karu zuwa fiye da mutane 30, kuma ma'aikatar ta ba da izini don tsara binciken fasaha. An gina dakin gwaje-gwaje mai sauƙi, an shigar da na'urar gwajin juriya, kuma an tsara takamaiman matsa lamba, tattarawa da sauran na'urorin gwaji da kuma ƙera su, kuma an fara binciken fasaha akan farfajiyar valve da tattarawa.
(2) Babban nasarori Taron Kaifeng da aka gudanar a 1973 ya tsara tsarin bincike na fasaha don masana'antar bawul daga 1973 zuwa 1975, kuma ya ba da shawarar manyan ayyukan bincike guda 39. Daga cikin su, akwai abubuwa 8 na sarrafa zafin jiki, abubuwa 16 na saman rufewa, abubuwa 6 na shiryawa, abu 1 na na'urar lantarki, da abubuwa 6 na gwaji da gwajin aiki. Daga baya, a Cibiyar Nazarin Welding ta Harbin, Cibiyar Nazarin Kariya ta Kayayyaki ta Wuhan, da Cibiyar Nazarin Injiniya ta Hefei, an nada ma'aikata na musamman don tsarawa da daidaita ayyukan dubawa na yau da kullun, kuma an gudanar da tarukan aiki guda biyu kan mahimman sassa na manyan bawuloli da matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaita. Ƙwarewa, taimakon juna da musayar, da kuma tsara 1976 -Tsarin bincike na sassa na asali a cikin 1980. Ta hanyar haɗin kai na dukan masana'antu, an sami manyan nasarori a aikin bincike na fasaha, wanda ya inganta ci gaban binciken kimiyya a cikin masana'antar bawul. Babban sakamakonsa shine kamar haka:
1) Tack a kan sealing surface. The sealing surface bincike nufin warware matsalar ciki yayyo nabawul. A waccan lokacin, kayan aikin rufewa sun kasance 20Cr13 da 12Cr18Ni9, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin tauri, juriya mara kyau, matsalolin ɗigon ciki a samfuran bawul, da gajeriyar rayuwar sabis. Shenyang Valve Research Institute, Harbin Welding Research Institute da Harbin Boiler Factory sun kafa ƙungiyar bincike mai haɗe-haɗe sau uku. Bayan shekaru 2 na aiki tuƙuru, an haɓaka sabon nau'in chrome-manganese sealing surface surfacing material (20Cr12Mo8). Kayan yana da kyakkyawan aiki na tsari. Kyakkyawan juriya mai kyau, tsawon rayuwar sabis, kuma babu nickel da ƙasa da chromium, albarkatun za su iya dogara ne akan gida, bayan ƙima na fasaha, yana da mahimmanci don haɓakawa.
2) Cika bincike. Manufar binciken marufi shine don magance matsalar zubewar bawul. A wancan lokacin, kwandon bawul ɗin ya kasance mafi yawan man asbestos ne da aka yi wa ciki da kuma robar asbestos, kuma aikin rufewar ba shi da kyau, wanda ya haifar da zubewar bawul mai tsanani. A cikin 1967, Cibiyar Nazarin Injiniya ta Janar ta shirya ƙungiyar bincike ta waje don bincikar wasu tsire-tsire masu sinadarai, matatun mai da masana'antar wutar lantarki, sannan kuma ta aiwatar da binciken gwajin lalata da rayayye kan tattarawa da kuma tushen bawul.
3) Gwajin aikin samfur da bincike na ka'idar asali. Yayin gudanar da bincike na fasaha,da bawul masana'antuHar ila yau, da ƙwaƙƙwaran aiwatar da gwajin aikin samfur da bincike na ƙa'idar asali, kuma ya sami sakamako da yawa.
5. Gudanar da canjin fasaha na kamfanoni
Bayan taron Kaifeng a 1973, masana'antar gabaɗaya ta aiwatar da canjin fasaha. Babban matsalolin da ake samu a masana'antar bawul a wancan lokacin: Na farko, tsarin ya koma baya, simintin ya kasance gaba ɗaya da hannu, simintin gyare-gyare guda ɗaya, da kayan aikin injuna na gaba ɗaya da na'urori na gaba ɗaya ana amfani da su don aikin sanyi. Domin kuwa nau’o’in nau’o’in masana’anta da na’urorin da suke aiki da su sun yi yawa fiye da kima, kuma adadinsu yana da yawa a kasar baki daya, amma bayan an rarraba kowace masana’anta, rukunin masana’anta ya yi kadan, wanda hakan ke shafar yadda ake iya samar da kayayyaki. Dangane da matsalolin da ke sama, Babban Ofishin Manyan Ma’aikatar Ma’aikatar Makamashi ta Farko ya gabatar da matakai kamar haka: tsara masana’antar bawul mai matsakaita da matsakaita da ake da su, da yin tsare-tsare na bai daya, raba ma’aikata bisa hankali, da fadada samar da yawa; rungumi fasaha na ci gaba, kafa layukan samarwa, da yin haɗin gwiwa a manyan masana'antu da wuraren aiki. An kafa layukan samar da simintin ƙarfe na 4 na simintin ƙarfe a cikin bitar simintin ƙarfe, kuma an kafa layukan sarrafa sanyi na sassa 10 a cikin manyan masana'antu guda shida; An zuba jarin Yuan miliyan 52 a fannin fasahohin zamani.
(1) Canjin fasahar sarrafa zafi A cikin canjin fasahar sarrafa zafin rana, fasahohi irin su gilashin ruwa mai ƙwanƙwasa harsashi, yashi mai ruwan yashi, ƙwanƙolin igiyar ruwa da daidaitaccen simintin gyare-gyare sun shahara. Daidaitaccen simintin gyare-gyare na iya gane ƙarancin guntu ko ma injin-free guntu. Ya dace da ƙofar, marufi gland da kuma bawul jiki da bonnet na kananan diamita bawuloli, tare da bayyanannen fa'idodin tattalin arziki. A 1969, Shanghai Lianggong bawul Factory fara amfani da madaidaicin simintin aiwatar da bawul samar, domin PN16, DN50 ƙofar bawul jiki,
(2) Canjin fasahar aikin sanyi A cikin canjin fasahar aikin sanyi, ana amfani da kayan aikin injin na musamman da layin samarwa a cikin masana'antar bawul. A farkon 1964, Shanghai Valve No. 7 Factory tsara da kerarre gate bawul jiki crawler irin Semi-atomatik samar line, wanda shi ne na farko low-matsa lamba bawul Semi-atomatik samar line a cikin bawul masana'antu. Daga bisani, Shanghai Valve No. 5 Factory tsara da kuma kerarre wani Semi-atomatik samar line na DN50 ~ DN100 low-matsa lamba globe bawul jiki da bonnet a 1966.
6. Haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan ƙarfi da haɓaka matakin cikakken saiti
Don saduwa da buƙatun manyan kayan aiki na kayan aiki kamar man fetur, masana'antar sinadarai, wutar lantarki, ƙarfe da masana'antar petrochemical, masana'antar bawul tana haɓaka sabbin samfura da ƙarfi a lokaci guda na canjin fasaha, wanda ya inganta daidaitawa. matakin samfurin bawul.
03 Taƙaitaccen
Idan muka waiwayi baya a 1967-1978, ci gaban dabawul masana'antu sun taɓa yin tasiri sosai. Saboda saurin haɓakar albarkatun man fetur, sinadarai, wutar lantarki, ƙarfe da masana'antun kwal, manyan bawul ɗin matsa lamba da matsakaita sun zama na ɗan lokaci "kayayyakin gajeren lokaci". A cikin 1972, ƙungiyar masana'antar bawul ta fara ci gaba da aiwatar da ayyukan. Bayan tarukan biyu na Kaifeng, an aiwatar da "sarrafar zamani guda uku" da aikin bincike na fasaha, wanda ya kafa sauye-sauyen fasaha a cikin dukkanin masana'antu. A cikin 1975, masana'antar bawul ta fara gyarawa, kuma samar da masana'antar ya ɗauki juzu'i don mafi kyau.
A cikin 1973, Hukumar Tsare-tsare ta Jiha ta amince da matakan samar da ababen more rayuwa don haɓaka samar da matsi da matsakaitabawuloli. Bayan zuba jari, masana'antar bawul sun aiwatar da canji mai yuwuwa. Ta hanyar sauye-sauyen fasaha da haɓakawa, an karɓi wasu fasahohi masu ci gaba, ta yadda an inganta matakin sarrafa sanyi a cikin masana'antar gaba ɗaya zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, kuma an inganta matakan sarrafa zafin jiki zuwa wani ɗan lokaci. Bayan haɓaka aikin waldawar feshin plasma, an inganta ingancin samfuran manyan bawul ɗin matsa lamba da matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaita da kuma manyan matsaloli, da kuma matsalar "daya gajere da biyu leakage" an kuma inganta. Tare da kammala ayyukan matakan samar da ababen more rayuwa guda 32 da kuma aiki, masana'antar bawul ta kasar Sin tana da tushe mai karfi da karfin samar da kayayyaki. Tun daga shekara ta 1970, fitowar manyan bawul ɗin matsa lamba da matsakaici ya ci gaba da girma. Daga shekarar 1972 zuwa 1975, abin da aka fitar ya karu daga 21,284t zuwa 38,500t, tare da karuwar 17,216t a cikin shekaru 4, daidai da fitowar da aka samu a shekara ta 1970. Sakamakon shekara-shekara na bawuloli masu karamin karfi ya kasance karko a matakin 70,000. zuwa ton 80,000. A wannan lokacin,bawul masana'antu sun haɓaka sabbin samfura da ƙarfi, ba kawai nau'ikan bawul ɗin maƙasudi na gaba ɗaya an haɓaka su sosai ba, har ma da bawuloli na musamman don tashoshin wutar lantarki, bututun mai, matsananciyar matsananciyar zafi, ƙarancin zafin jiki da masana'antar nukiliya, sararin samaniya da sauran bawuloli na musamman. ci gaba sosai. Idan shekarun 1960 wani lokaci ne na babban ci gaba na bawuloli na gaba ɗaya, to, shekarun 1970 wani lokaci ne na babban ci gaba na bawuloli na musamman. Ƙarfin tallafi na cikin gidabawuloli an inganta sosai, wanda ya dace da bukatun ci gaban sassa daban-daban na tattalin arzikin kasa.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-04-2022
