A matsayinsa na kamfani mai kula da gurbatar yanayi, aikin da ya fi muhimmanci na masana'antar kula da najasa shine tabbatar da cewa dattin ya cika ka'idoji. Koyaya, tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin fitarwa da tsaurin kai na masu duba kare muhalli, ya kawo babban matsin aiki ga masana'antar sarrafa najasa. Lallai yana kara wahala wajen fitar da ruwan.
A cewar mawallafin, abin da ke haifar da matsala kai tsaye wajen cimma ma'aunin fitar da ruwa shi ne, gaba daya akwai mugayen da'irar guda uku a masana'antar najasa ta kasata.
Na farko shine muguwar da'irar ƙananan ayyukan sludge (MLVSS/MLSS) da babban taro mai yawa; na biyu shine muguwar da'irar mafi girman adadin sinadarai na kawar da phosphorus da ake amfani da su, mafi yawan fitar da sludge; na uku shi ne na dogon lokaci na najasa kula da najasa aiki Overload aiki, kayan aiki ba za a iya overhauled, gudu tare da cututtuka a duk shekara, kai ga wani mugun da'irar na rage najasa jiyya iya aiki.
#1
Muguwar da'irar ƙananan ayyukan sludge da babban sludge maida hankali
Farfesa Wang Hongchen ya gudanar da bincike kan masana'antar najasa 467. Bari mu dubi bayanan ayyukan sludge da sludge maida hankali: Daga cikin wadannan 467 najasa shuke-shuke, 61% na najasa jiyya shuke-shuke da MLVSS/MLSS kasa da 0.5, game da 30 % na magani shuke-shuke da MLVSS/MLSS kasa 0.4.
Matsakaicin sludge na 2/3 na tsire-tsire masu kula da najasa ya wuce 4000 mg / L, ƙarancin sludge na 1/3 na masana'antar kula da najasa ya wuce 6000 mg / l, kuma ƙwayar sludge na 20 na tsire-tsire na najasa ya wuce 10000 mg / L. .
Menene sakamakon abubuwan da ke sama (ƙananan ayyukan sludge, babban sludge maida hankali)? Ko da yake mun ga yawancin labaran fasaha waɗanda ke nazarin gaskiya, amma a cikin sauƙi, akwai sakamako guda ɗaya, wato, fitar da ruwa ya wuce misali.
Ana iya bayyana wannan ta fuskoki biyu. A gefe guda, bayan sludge maida hankali ne mai girma, domin kauce wa sludge ajiya, shi wajibi ne don ƙara aeration. Ƙara yawan adadin iska ba kawai zai ƙara yawan amfani da wutar lantarki ba, har ma yana ƙara sashin nazarin halittu. Haɓakar iskar oxygen da aka narkar da ita za ta ƙwace tushen carbon da ake buƙata don denitrification, wanda zai yi tasiri kai tsaye ga denitrification da tasirin kawar da phosphorus na tsarin ilimin halitta, wanda ke haifar da wuce kima N da P.
A gefe guda kuma, yawan sludge maida hankali ne akan sa wurin haɗin ruwan laka ya tashi, kuma sludge ɗin yana ɓacewa cikin sauƙi tare da zubar da tanki na sedimentation na biyu, wanda ko dai zai toshe sashin jiyya na ci gaba ko kuma ya sa na'urar COD da SS ta wuce. misali.
Bayan yin magana game da sakamakon, bari muyi magana game da dalilin da yasa yawancin tsire-tsire na najasa ke da matsalar ƙarancin aikin sludge da haɓakar sludge mai yawa.
A gaskiya ma, dalilin da ya sa babban sludge maida hankali ne low sludge aiki. Saboda aikin sludge yana da ƙananan, don inganta tasirin magani, dole ne a ƙara yawan ƙwayar sludge. Ƙananan sludge aiki ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ruwa mai tasiri ya ƙunshi babban adadin yashi, wanda ya shiga sashin kula da ilimin halitta kuma yana tarawa a hankali, wanda ke shafar ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Akwai tudu da yashi da yawa a cikin ruwa mai shigowa. Na daya shi ne, illar grille ba ta da kyau sosai, na biyu kuma fiye da kashi casa’in cikin 100 na najasa a kasarmu ba su gina tankunan tankuna na farko ba.
Wasu mutane na iya tambaya, me ya sa ba za a gina tanki na farko ba? Wannan game da hanyar sadarwar bututu ne. Akwai matsaloli irin su rashin haɗin kai, haɗaɗɗiyar haɗin kai, da rashin haɗin kai a cikin hanyar sadarwar bututu a cikin ƙasata. Sakamakon haka, tasirin ingancin ruwa na tsire-tsire na najasa gabaɗaya yana da halaye guda uku: babban haɓakar inorganic m taro (ISS), ƙarancin COD, Low C/N rabo.
Matsakaicin daskararrun inorganic a cikin ruwa mai tasiri yana da girma, wato, abun cikin yashi yana da girma. Asalinsu, tankin najasa na farko zai iya rage wasu abubuwa marasa ƙarfi, amma saboda COD na ruwa mai tasiri yana da ƙasa kaɗan, yawancin tsire-tsire na najasa kawai Kada ku gina tanki na farko.
A cikin bincike na ƙarshe, ƙananan ayyukan sludge shine gado na "shuke-shuke masu nauyi da tarun haske".
Mun faɗi cewa yawan sludge maida hankali da ƙananan aiki zai haifar da wuce kima N da P a cikin magudanar ruwa. A wannan lokacin, matakan mayar da martani na mafi yawan tsire-tsire na najasa shine don ƙara tushen carbon da flocculants inorganic. Duk da haka, ƙara yawan adadin carbon na waje na waje zai haifar da ƙarin karuwa a cikin amfani da wutar lantarki, yayin da ƙara yawan adadin flocculant zai samar da adadi mai yawa na sludge na sinadarai, wanda zai haifar da karuwa a cikin sludge maida hankali da kuma gaba. raguwa a cikin ayyukan sludge, samar da da'irar mugu.
#2
Mugun da'irar da mafi yawan adadin sinadarai na kawar da phosphorus da ake amfani da su, mafi girma da samar da sludge.
Yin amfani da sinadarai na cire phosphorus ya haɓaka samar da sludge da kashi 20% zuwa 30%, ko ma fiye da haka.
Matsalar sludge ta kasance babbar damuwa ga masana'antar sarrafa najasa shekaru da yawa, musamman saboda babu hanyar fita daga sludge, ko hanyar fita ba ta da kwanciyar hankali. .
Wannan yana haifar da tsawaita shekarun sludge, wanda ke haifar da sabon abu na tsufa na sludge, har ma da mummunar rashin daidaituwa kamar sludge bulking.
Faɗaɗɗen sludge yana da ƙarancin flocculation. Tare da asarar datti daga tanki mai lalata na biyu, an katange sashin kulawa na ci gaba, an rage tasirin maganin, kuma adadin ruwan wanke baya yana ƙaruwa.
Ƙara yawan adadin ruwa na baya zai haifar da sakamako guda biyu, ɗaya shine don rage tasirin magani na sashin biochemical na baya.
Ana mayar da ruwa mai yawa na baya baya zuwa tanki mai iska, wanda ya rage ainihin lokacin riƙewar hydraulic na tsarin kuma yana rage tasirin maganin jiyya na biyu;
Na biyu shine don ƙara rage tasirin sarrafawa na sashin sarrafa zurfin.
Domin dole ne a mayar da ruwa mai yawa na baya baya ga tsarin gyaran gyaran gyare-gyare na ci gaba, ana ƙara yawan adadin tacewa kuma an rage yawan ƙarfin tacewa.
Tasirin jiyya gabaɗaya ya zama mara kyau, wanda zai iya haifar da jimillar phosphorus da COD a cikin ƙazanta su wuce daidaitattun daidaito. Don kauce wa wuce gona da iri, injin najasa zai kara yawan amfani da abubuwan cirewar phosphorus, wanda zai kara yawan sludge.
cikin muguwar da'ira.
#3
Mummunan da'irar na dogon lokaci obalodi na najasa shuke-shuke da rage najasa magani iya aiki
Maganin najasa ya dogara ba kawai ga mutane ba, har ma da kayan aiki.
Kayan aikin najasa sun dade suna fada a layin gaba na kula da ruwa. Idan ba a gyara shi akai-akai ba, matsaloli za su faru nan da nan ko ba dade. Duk da haka, a mafi yawan lokuta, kayan aikin najasa ba za a iya gyara su ba, saboda da zarar wani kayan aiki ya tsaya, ruwa zai iya wuce misali. A karkashin tsarin tara ta yau da kullun, kowa ba zai iya biya ba.
Daga cikin cibiyoyin kula da najasa na birane 467 da Farfesa Wang Hongchen ya yi nazari a kansu, kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na yawan lodin ruwa ya haura kashi 80%, kusan kashi daya bisa uku ya fi 120%, kuma masana'antar sarrafa najasa 5 sun fi 150%.
Lokacin da nauyin nauyin hydraulic ya fi 80%, sai dai ƴan manyan masana'antun sarrafa najasa, masana'antun sarrafa najasa na yau da kullum ba za su iya rufe ruwan ba don kiyayewa a kan cewa ƙazamin ya kai daidai, kuma babu ruwan da aka ajiye. domin aerators da secondary sedimentation tank tsotsa da scrapers. Ƙananan kayan aiki za a iya gyarawa gaba ɗaya ko maye gurbin su lokacin da aka kwashe su.
Wato, kusan kashi 2/3 na najasassun najasa ba za su iya gyara kayan aikin ba a kan yanayin tabbatar da cewa dattin ya dace da ma'auni.
A cewar binciken da Farfesa Wang Hongchen ya yi, tsawon rayuwar masu iskar iska ya kai shekaru 4-6, amma kashi 1/4 na najasa ba su yi aikin kula da iskar iska ba har tsawon shekaru 6. Tushen laka, da ake buƙatar zubar da shi a gyara, ba a gyara duk shekara.
Kayan aikin yana gudana tare da rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci, kuma karfin maganin ruwa yana kara muni da muni. Don jure wa matsa lamba na tashar ruwa, babu wata hanyar da za a dakatar da shi don kulawa. A cikin irin wannan muguwar da'irar, koyaushe za a sami tsarin kula da najasa wanda zai fuskanci durkushewa.
#4
rubuta a karshen
Bayan da aka kafa tsarin kiyaye muhalli a matsayin tsarin kasata na asali, an bunkasa fannonin ruwa, iskar gas, daskararru, kasa da sauran gurbatar yanayi cikin sauri, wadanda a cikinsu za a iya cewa fannin kula da najasa shi ne jagora. Rashin isassun matakan da ake yi na aikin injin najasa ya fada cikin wani mawuyacin hali, sannan matsalar bututun mai da sludge ya zama nakasu guda biyu na masana’antar sarrafa najasa ta kasata.
Kuma yanzu, lokaci ya yi da za a gyara kurakurai.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-23-2022
