Mutane yawanci suna tunanin hakabawulna bakin karfe kuma ba zai yi tsatsa ba. Idan ya yi, yana iya zama matsala da karfe. Wannan kuskure ne mai gefe guda game da rashin fahimtar bakin karfe, wanda kuma zai iya yin tsatsa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.
Bakin karfe yana da ikon yin tsayayya da iskar iska mai iska-wato juriyar tsatsa, sannan kuma yana da ikon lalata a cikin kafofin watsa labarai masu ɗauke da acid, alkalis, da gishiri.-wato juriya na lalata. Koyaya, girman ikon hana lalata yana canzawa tare da sinadarai na ƙarfe da kansa, yanayin kariya, yanayin amfani da nau'in kafofin watsa labarai na muhalli.
Bakin karfe yawanci ana kasu kashi:
Yawancin lokaci, bisa ga tsarin metallographic, bakin karfe na yau da kullun ya kasu kashi uku: bakin karfe austenitic, bakin karfe na ferritic, da bakin karfe na martensitic. Dangane da waɗannan ginshiƙan ƙa'idodin ƙarfe guda uku, don takamaiman buƙatu da dalilai, ana samun ƙarfe-fase-biyu, hazo-hardening bakin karfe da babban gami da ƙarfe mai abun ciki na ƙasa da 50%.
1. Austenitic bakin karfe.
Matrix ɗin ya mamaye tsarin austenite (lokacin CY) na tsari mai siffar cubic crystal mai daidaita fuska, mara magnetic, kuma galibi yana ƙarfafa shi ta aikin sanyi (kuma yana iya haifar da wasu kaddarorin maganadisu) bakin karfe. Cibiyar Iron da Karfe ta Amurka an tsara ta da lambobi a cikin jerin 200 da 300, kamar 304.
2. Ferritic bakin karfe.
Matrix shine mamaye tsarin ferrite ((wani lokaci) na tsarin kristal mai matsakaicin jiki, wanda yake maganadisu kuma gabaɗaya ba za a iya taurare shi ta hanyar maganin zafi ba, amma ana iya ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar aikin sanyi. kuma 446.
3. Martensitic bakin karfe.
Matrix wani tsari ne na martensitic (cubic-cubic ko cubic), maganadisu, kuma ana iya daidaita kaddarorin injinsa ta hanyar magani mai zafi. Cibiyar Iron da Karfe ta Amurka an tsara ta da lambobi 410, 420 da 440. Martensite yana da tsarin austenite a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kuma lokacin da aka sanyaya shi zuwa dakin da zafin jiki a daidai lokacin da ya dace, tsarin austenite na iya canzawa zuwa martensite (watau taurare) .
4. Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) bakin karfe.
Matrix ɗin yana da duka austenite da ferrite tsari mai kashi biyu, kuma abun ciki na matrix ƙasa da ƙasa gabaɗaya ya fi 15%. Yana da maganadisu kuma ana iya ƙarfafa shi ta aikin sanyi. 329 shine bakin karfe na duplex na yau da kullun. Idan aka kwatanta da austenitic bakin karfe, dual-lokaci karfe yana da babban ƙarfi, da juriya ga intergranular lalata da chloride danniya lalata da pitting lalata suna da muhimmanci.
5. Hazo hardening bakin karfe.
Matrix shine tsarin austenite ko martensitic kuma ana iya taurare ta taurin hazo. Cibiyar Iron da Karfe ta Amurka tana da alamar lamba 600, kamar 630, wanda shine 17-4PH.
Gabaɗaya magana, ban da gami, juriyar lalata na bakin karfe austenitic yana da inganci. A cikin ƙasa mai lalacewa, ana iya amfani da bakin karfe na ferritic. A cikin yanayi mai laushi mai laushi, idan ana buƙatar kayan don samun ƙarfi Don ƙarfi ko taurin ƙarfi, ana iya amfani da bakin karfe na martensitic da hazo hardening bakin karfe.
Common bakin karfe maki da kaddarorin
01 304 Bakin Karfe
Yana daya daga cikin mafi yadu amfani da kuma yadu amfani austenitic bakin karfe. Ya dace da kera sassan da aka zana mai zurfi da bututun acid, kwantena, sassan tsarin, jikin kayan aiki daban-daban, da sauransu.
02 304L Bakin Karfe
Domin warware matsalar matsananci-low carbon austenitic bakin karfe ci gaba saboda hazo na Cr23C6 haifar da tsanani intergranular lalata hali na 304 bakin karfe a karkashin wasu yanayi, ta hankali jihar intergranular lalata juriya ne muhimmanci fiye da na 304 bakin karfe. Ban da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, sauran kaddarorin iri ɗaya ne da bakin karfe 321. Ana amfani da shi ne don kayan aiki masu jure lalata da abubuwan da ba za a iya jujjuya su don magance maganin bayan walda ba, kuma ana iya amfani da su don kera jikin kayan aiki daban-daban.
03 304H Bakin Karfe
Reshe na ciki na bakin karfe 304 yana da juzu'i na carbon taro na 0.04% -0.10%, kuma yawan zafinsa ya fi na 304 bakin karfe.
04 316 Bakin Karfe
Ƙara molybdenum akan 10Cr18Ni12 karfe yana sa ƙarfe ya sami juriya mai kyau don rage matsakaici da lalata. A cikin ruwan teku da sauran kafofin watsa labaru daban-daban, juriya na lalata ya fi 304 bakin karfe, galibi ana amfani da su don kayan da ba su da ƙarfi.
05 316L Bakin Karfe
Ultra-low carbon karfe yana da kyau juriya ga hankali intergranular lalata kuma ya dace da yi na welded sassa da kayan aiki tare da lokacin farin ciki sashe girma, kamar lalata-resistant kayan a petrochemical kayan aiki.
06 316H Bakin Karfe
Reshe na ciki na bakin karfe 316 yana da juzu'i na carbon taro na 0.04% -0.10%, kuma yawan zafinsa ya fi na 316 bakin karfe.
07 317 Bakin Karfe
Rashin juriya na lalatawa da juriya mai rarrafe sun fi 316L bakin karfe, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin kera petrochemical da kayan juriya na kwayoyin acid.
08 321 Bakin Karfe
Titanium-stabilized austenitic bakin karfe, ƙara titanium don inganta intergranular lalata juriya, kuma yana da kyau high-zazzabi inji Properties, za a iya maye gurbinsu da matsananci-low carbon austenitic bakin karfe. Sai dai lokuta na musamman kamar babban zafin jiki ko juriya na lalata hydrogen, gabaɗaya ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi ba.
09 347 Bakin Karfe
Niobium-stabilized austenitic bakin karfe, ƙara niobium don inganta intergranular lalata juriya, da lalata juriya a cikin acid, alkali, gishiri da sauran m kafofin watsa labarai ne iri daya da 321 bakin karfe, mai kyau waldi yi, za a iya amfani da matsayin lalata-resistant abu da anti. -lalata Hot karfe ne yafi amfani a thermal ikon da petrochemical filayen, kamar yin kwantena, bututu, zafi Exchanges, shafts, makera tubes a masana'antu tanderu, da kuma tanderu tube ma'aunin zafi da sanyio.
10904L Bakin Karfe
Super cikakken austenitic bakin karfe wani nau'in bakin karfe ne wanda OUTOKUMPU ya kirkira a Finland. , Yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata a cikin ƙwayoyin da ba oxidizing irin su sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid da phosphoric acid, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalatawar crevice da damuwa lalata juriya. Ya dace da yawan adadin sulfuric acid da ke ƙasa da 70°C, kuma yana da juriya mai kyau a cikin acetic acid da gauraye acid na formic acid da acetic acid a kowane taro da zafin jiki a ƙarƙashin matsa lamba na al'ada.
11 440C bakin karfe
Bakin Karfe na Martensitic yana da mafi girman taurin tsakanin taurin bakin karfe da bakin karfe, tare da taurin HRC57. Anfi amfani dashi don yin nozzles, bearings,malam buɗe idobawul cores,malam buɗe idobawul kujeru, hannun riga,bawul mai tushe, da sauransu.
12 17-4PH bakin karfe
Martensitic hazo hardening bakin karfe tare da taurin HRC44 yana da babban ƙarfi, taurin da juriya lalata kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi a yanayin zafi sama da 300°C. Yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata yanayi da diluted acid ko gishiri. Juriyar lalatarsa daidai yake da na bakin karfe 304 da bakin karfe 430. Ana amfani da shi don kera dandamali na teku, injin turbine,malam buɗe idobawul (bawul cores, bawul kujeru, hannayen riga, bawul mai tushe) wait.
In bawul ƙira da zaɓi, tsarin daban-daban, jerin, da maki na bakin karfe galibi ana fuskantar su. Lokacin zabar, ya kamata a yi la'akari da matsalar daga ra'ayoyi da yawa kamar takamaiman matsakaicin tsari, zafin jiki, matsa lamba, sassan damuwa, lalata, da farashi.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-20-2022
