Mutane yawanci suna tunanin hakanbawul ɗinna bakin karfe kuma ba zai yi tsatsa ba. Idan ya yi, yana iya zama matsala ga ƙarfen. Wannan rashin fahimta ce ta gefe ɗaya game da rashin fahimtar bakin karfe, wanda kuma zai iya yin tsatsa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.
Bakin ƙarfe yana da ikon tsayayya da iskar shaka a yanayi—wato juriya ga tsatsa, kuma yana da ikon lalata a cikin kafofin da ke ɗauke da acid, alkalis, da gishiri—wato juriya ga tsatsa. Duk da haka, girman ikonta na hana tsatsa yana canzawa tare da sinadaran da ke cikin ƙarfen kanta, yanayin kariya, yanayin amfani da shi da kuma nau'in hanyoyin sadarwa na muhalli.
Bakin karfe yawanci ana raba shi zuwa:
Yawanci, bisa ga tsarin ƙarfe, ana raba ƙarfe na yau da kullun zuwa rukuni uku: bakin ƙarfe na austenitic, bakin ƙarfe ferritic, da bakin ƙarfe na martensitic. Dangane da waɗannan tsarin ƙarfe guda uku na asali, don takamaiman buƙatu da dalilai, ana samo ƙarfe mai matakai biyu, bakin ƙarfe mai taurarewa da ruwan sama da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi waɗanda ke da ƙarancin kashi 50%.
1. Bakin ƙarfe na Austenitic.
Tsarin austenite (CY phase) na tsarin lu'ulu'u mai siffar cubic a tsakiya, wanda ba shi da maganadisu, kuma galibi yana ƙarfafawa ta hanyar aiki mai sanyi (kuma yana iya haifar da wasu halayen maganadisu) bakin ƙarfe. Cibiyar Iron and Steel ta Amurka an sanya ta ta lambobi a cikin jerin 200 da 300, kamar 304.
2. Bakin ƙarfe na Ferritic.
Matrix ɗin shine An mamaye tsarin ferrite ((wani lokaci) na tsarin lu'ulu'u mai siffar cubic wanda ke tsakiya da jiki, wanda yake da maganadisu kuma gabaɗaya ba za a iya taurare shi ta hanyar maganin zafi ba, amma ana iya ƙarfafa shi kaɗan ta hanyar aiki mai sanyi. Cibiyar Iron and Steel ta Amurka tana da alamun 430 da 446.
3. Karfe mai kama da Martensitic.
Matrix ɗin tsarin martensitic ne (mai siffar cubic ko cubic), mai maganadisu, kuma ana iya daidaita halayen injina ta hanyar maganin zafi. Cibiyar ƙarfe da ƙarfe ta Amurka an sanya ta cikin lambobi 410, 420 da 440. Martensite yana da tsarin austenite a zafin jiki mai yawa, kuma idan aka sanyaya shi zuwa zafin ɗaki a daidai gwargwado, tsarin austenite za a iya canza shi zuwa martensite (watau, taurare).
4. Bakin ƙarfe mai siffar Austenitic-ferritic (duplex).
Matrix ɗin yana da tsarin matakai biyu na austenite da ferrite, kuma abun cikin matrix ɗin da ba shi da matakai gabaɗaya ya fi 15%. Yana da maganadisu kuma ana iya ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar aiki mai sanyi. 329 ƙarfe ne na yau da kullun na bakin ƙarfe duplex. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe mai launin austenitic, ƙarfe mai matakai biyu yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma juriya ga tsatsa tsakanin granular da chloride damuwa ta tsatsa da tsatsa suna da matuƙar ingantawa.
5. Ruwan sama mai taurare bakin karfe.
Tsarin matrix ɗin yana da tsari irin na austenitic ko martensitic kuma ana iya taurare shi ta hanyar taurarewar ruwan sama. Cibiyar Iron and Steel ta Amurka tana da lambar jerin 600, kamar 630, wanda shine 17-4PH.
Gabaɗaya, ban da ƙarfe, juriyar tsatsa na bakin ƙarfe mai austenitic yana da kyau ƙwarai. A cikin yanayi mara tsatsa, ana iya amfani da ƙarfe mai ferritic. A cikin yanayi mai ɗan tsatsa, idan ana buƙatar kayan ya kasance mai ƙarfi Don ƙarfi ko tauri mai yawa, ana iya amfani da ƙarfe mai tauri mai ƙarfi na martensitic da ƙarfe mai tauri na hazo.
Nau'o'i da kaddarorin bakin karfe na yau da kullun
01 304 Bakin Karfe
Yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙarfen bakin ƙarfe na austenitic da aka fi amfani da shi kuma ake amfani da shi sosai. Ya dace da ƙera sassa masu zurfi da bututun acid, kwantena, sassan gini, kayan aiki daban-daban, da sauransu. Haka kuma ana iya amfani da shi don ƙera kayan aiki marasa maganadisu, masu ƙarancin zafin jiki da kuma ɓangaren da aka yi amfani da shi.
Bakin Karfe 02 304L
Domin magance matsalar ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon austenitic wanda aka samar sakamakon ruwan Cr23C6 wanda ke haifar da mummunan tsatsa tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta na bakin ƙarfe 304 a wasu yanayi, juriyar tsatsa tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta ta fi ta bakin ƙarfe 304 kyau. Banda ƙarancin ƙarfi, sauran kaddarorin iri ɗaya ne da na bakin ƙarfe 321. Ana amfani da shi galibi don kayan aiki masu jure tsatsa da abubuwan da ba za a iya magance su ba bayan walda, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don ƙera kayan aiki daban-daban.
Bakin Karfe 03 304H
Reshen ciki na ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe 304 yana da ƙashi na carbon na 0.04%-0.10%, kuma ƙarfin zafinsa mai yawa ya fi na ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe 304 kyau.
04 316 Bakin Karfe
Ƙara molybdenum bisa ga ƙarfe 10Cr18Ni12 yana sa ƙarfen ya sami juriya mai kyau ga rage tsatsa mai matsakaicin ƙarfi da kuma ta hanyar ramuka. A cikin ruwan teku da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban, juriyar tsatsa ta fi ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don kayan da ke jure ramuka.
Bakin Karfe 05 316L
Karfe mai ƙarancin carbon yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa mai kama da juna kuma ya dace da ƙera sassan da aka haɗa da kayan aiki masu kauri, kamar kayan da ke jure tsatsa a cikin kayan aikin petrochemical.
Bakin Karfe 06 316H
Reshen ciki na ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe 316 yana da ƙashi na nauyin carbon na 0.04%-0.10%, kuma ƙarfin zafinsa ya fi na ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe 316 kyau.
07 317 Bakin Karfe
Juriyar tsatsa da juriyar rarrafe sun fi ƙarfin ƙarfe mai nauyin lita 316, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen kera kayan aikin da ke jure lalata sinadarai masu guba da sinadarai masu guba.
08 321 Bakin Karfe
Bakin karfe mai ƙarfi wanda aka yi da titanium, wanda ke ƙara titanium don inganta juriyar tsatsa tsakanin granular, kuma yana da kyawawan halaye na injiniya masu zafi, ana iya maye gurbinsa da ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon austenitic. Banda lokatai na musamman kamar zafi mai yawa ko juriyar tsatsa ta hydrogen, gabaɗaya ba a ba da shawarar amfani da shi ba.
09 347 Bakin Karfe
Bakin karfe mai ƙarfi na Niobium, wanda aka ƙara niobium don inganta juriyar tsatsa tsakanin granular, juriyar tsatsa a cikin acid, alkali, gishiri da sauran hanyoyin lalata iri ɗaya ne da ƙarfe 321 na bakin karfe, kyakkyawan aikin walda, ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan da ke jure tsatsa da hana tsatsa. Ana amfani da ƙarfe mai zafi galibi a cikin filayen wutar lantarki da sinadarai na petrochemical, kamar yin kwantena, bututu, masu musayar zafi, shafts, bututun tanderu a cikin tanderun masana'antu, da ma'aunin zafi na bututun tanderu.
Bakin Karfe 10 904L
Karfe mai cikakken cikakken austenitic wani nau'in ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfi austenitic wanda OUTOKUMPU ta ƙirƙira a Finland. , Yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa a cikin acid marasa tsatsa kamar sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid da phosphoric acid, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa a cikin ƙofa da juriya ga tsatsa. Ya dace da yawan sinadarin sulfuric acid da ke ƙasa da digiri 70.°C, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa a cikin acetic acid da gaurayen acid na formic acid da acetic acid a kowane taro da zafin jiki a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na yau da kullun.
11 440C bakin karfe
Karfe mai kauri da bakin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi yana da mafi girman tauri a tsakanin ƙarfe mai kauri da bakin ƙarfe, tare da tauri na HRC57. Ana amfani da shi galibi don yin bututun ƙarfe, bearings,malam buɗe idobawul tsakiya,malam buɗe idobawul kujeru, hannun riga,bawul tushe, da sauransu.
12 bakin karfe 17-4PH
Karfe mai tauri mai ƙarfi na Martensitic tare da tauri na HRC44 yana da ƙarfi, tauri da juriya ga tsatsa kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi a yanayin zafi sama da 300 ba°C. Yana da juriyar tsatsa ga yanayi da kuma sinadarin acid ko gishiri mai narkewa. Juriyar tsatsarsa iri ɗaya ce da ta bakin ƙarfe 304 da bakin ƙarfe 430. Ana amfani da ita wajen ƙera dandamali na ƙasashen waje, ruwan wukake na turbine,malam buɗe idobawul (tsakiyar bawul, kujerun bawul, hannayen riga, tushen bawul) wait.
In bawul ƙira da zaɓi, tsarin, jerin, da matakan ƙarfe iri-iri galibi ana fuskantar su. Lokacin zaɓe, ya kamata a yi la'akari da matsalar daga fannoni daban-daban kamar takamaiman matsakaiciyar tsari, zafin jiki, matsin lamba, sassan da aka matsa, tsatsa, da farashi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-20-2022
